The OWASP Top 10 for LLMs and MITRE ATLAS outline the most critical vulnerabilities confronting infrastructure and security teams today:
Shadow AI & Data Leakage: Employees pasting proprietary source code, financial documents, or customer PII into unauthorized public LLMs. This can permanently compromise corporate intellectual property.
Prompt Injection (Direct & Indirect): Attackers manipulating user prompts or corrupting external data sources (like public websites or email feeds) to bypass the AI's system instructions. This can trigger unauthorized actions or lead to silent data exfiltration.
Excessive Agency & Improper Output Handling: Granting AI tools or autonomous agents write-access to databases, email accounts, or production code repositories without integrating strict human-in-the-loop validation or API gateways.
AI Supply Chain Compromise: Incorporating unverified open-source models, compromised base weights, or poisoned dependencies into internal development pipelines